上帝的新牧场#1：平等的松动

注释：（其中所引文献详见〈参考文献〉）

[[1]](#_ednref1) 我在本书中将不对阶层（stratum）和阶级（class）作严格区分，而一律使用前一个术语来涵盖其他学者用这两个术语所表达的意思。

[[2]](#_ednref2) Bruce G. Trigger (2003) 《理解早期文明》，第3章。

[[3]](#_ednref3) Nancy Howell (2010) Life Histories of the Dobe !Kung, p.193.

[[4]](#_ednref4) Frank Marlowe (2010) The Hadza, ch.9; Nancy Howell (2010) ch.8.

[[5]](#_ednref5) Kent Flannery & Joyce Marcus (2012) The Creation of Inequality, ch.2.

[[6]](#_ednref6) Frank Marlowe (2010) p.250.

[[7]](#_ednref7) Nancy Howell (2010) ch.8; Kent Flannery & Joyce Marcus (2012) ch.2.

[[8]](#_ednref8) Frank Marlowe (2010) p.35,41,263.

[[9]](#_ednref9) Kristen J. Gremillion, “Central Place Foraging and Food Production on the Cumberland Plateau, Eastern Kentucky” in Douglas J. Kennett & Bruce Winterhalder (2006.ed) Behavioral Ecology and the Transition to Agriculture, pp.53-54.

[[10]](#_ednref10) Frans de Waal (2007) 《黑猩猩的政治》。

[[11]](#_ednref11) Christopher Boehm (2001) Hierarchy in the Forest, ch.1,2,4.

[[12]](#_ednref12) Brian Fagan (2010) Cro-Magnon, ch.9.

[[13]](#_ednref13) Kent Flannery & Joyce Marcus (2012) ch.5.

[[14]](#_ednref14) Robert L. Bettinger (2015) Orderly Anarchy, ch.4,6,8.

[[15]](#_ednref15) George B. Grinnell (2008) The Cheyenne Indians, ch.6.

[[16]](#_ednref16) Igor Krupnik & Marcia Levenson (1989) Arctic Adaptations, pp.44-49.

[[17]](#_ednref17) Lee Cronk & Beth L. Leech (2012) Meeting at Grand Central, pp.141-143; NHK (1992) 人間は何を食べてきたか, S03E01.

[[18]](#_ednref18) Brian Fagan (2010) ch.10.

[[19]](#_ednref19) Sarunas Milisauskas (2011.ed) European Prehistory, pp.80-91.

[[20]](#_ednref20) Olga Soffer & N. D. Praslov (1993.ed) From Kostenki to Clovis, ch.4.

[[21]](#_ednref21) Lawrence H. Keeley (1996) War Before Civilization, ch.3.

[[22]](#_ednref22) Azar Gat (2006) War in Human Civilization, ch.6; Lawrence H. Keeley (1996) ch.3.

[[23]](#_ednref23) Jason Hook (1985) The American Plains Indians; George B. Grinnell (1915) The Fighting Cheyennes.

[[24]](#_ednref24) David D. Friedman, Peter T. Leeson & David Skarbek (2019) Legal Systems Very Different From Ours, ch.13.

[[25]](#_ednref25) Azar Gat (2006) ch.2.

[[26]](#_ednref26) Monty Minyjun Hale (2012) Kurlumarniny, ch.6; Wikipedia: Moity.

[[27]](#_ednref27) C.W.M. Hart & al. (1987) The Tiwi of North Australia, ch.2; Wikipedia: Tiwi people.

[[28]](#_ednref28) Napoleon Chagnon (2013) Noble Savages, ch.1,3,8,9,12,13.

[[29]](#_ednref29) Napoleon Chagnon (2013) ch.1.

[[30]](#_ednref30) 关于猎头风俗，参见：Wikipeida: headhunting; Albert Jenks (1905) The Bontoc Igorot, ch.6; Kent Flannery & Joyce Marcus (2012) ch.6,7,8,10.

[[31]](#_ednref31) Wikipedia: Bantu expansion; David Reich (2018) Who We Are and How We Got Here, ch.9.

[[32]](#_ednref32) Lawrence H. Keeley (1996) ch.2.

[[33]](#_ednref33) Nicholas A. Christakis (2019) Blueprint, ch.2.

[[34]](#_ednref34) Robert L. Bettinger (2015) Orderly Anarchy, ch.3,4,8,9.

[[35]](#_ednref35) Lawrence S. Sugiyama & Richard Chacon, “Effects of Illness and Injury on Foraging among the Yora and Shiwiar,” in Lee Cronk et al.(eds.) Adaptation and Human Behavior (2000), pp.374-375.

[[36]](#_ednref36) Brian Fagan (2010) ch.7; Sarunas Milisauskas (2011) pp.87-89; Molly Lee & Gregory A. Reinhardt (2003) Eskimo Architecture.

[[37]](#_ednref37) Molly Lee & Gregory A. Reinhardt (2003) p.5; Igor Krupnik & Marcia Levenson (1989) p.51,244.

[[38]](#_ednref38) Robert McGhee (2005) The Last Imaginary Place, pp.59-60; Peter D. Jordan (2014) Technology as Human Social Tradition, ch.3.

[[39]](#_ednref39) George B. Grinnell (2008) pp.68-69.

[[40]](#_ednref40) Peter D. Jordan (2014) ch.3,4.

[[41]](#_ednref41) Peter D. Jordan (2014) ch.4.

[[42]](#_ednref42) 有关复仇作为一种共同安全机制的逻辑，见辉格（2017）第II部分第7章。

[[43]](#_ednref43) Wikipeida: Infanticide, Sex-selective abortion; Siobhan M. Mattison et al., “Offspring sex preferences among patrilineal and matrilineal Mosuo in Southwest China revealed by differences in parity progression,” in R Soc Open Sci. 2016 Sep; 3(9): 160526.

[[44]](#_ednref44) Simon J. Harrison (2006) Stealing People’s Names, ch.6-8.

[[45]](#_ednref45) Derek Freeman (1983) 《玛格丽特·米德与萨摩亚》，第8章。

[[46]](#_ednref46) Lawrence H. Keeley (1996) p.29.

[[47]](#_ednref47) David Reich (2018) ch.9.